Medical conditions associated with avascular necrosis include: Organ transplants, especially kidney transplants, also are associated with avascular necrosis. Radiation therapy for cancer can weaken bone. This rare complication has occurred in some people treated with high doses of these medications for cancers, such as multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer. Long-term use of medications to increase bone density might contribute to developing osteonecrosis of the jaw. Having several alcoholic drinks a day for several years also can cause fatty deposits to form in blood vessels. The reason is unknown, but some experts believe that corticosteroids can increase lipid levels in the blood, reducing blood flow. Use of high-dose corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is a common cause of avascular necrosis. Injuries, such as hip dislocation or fracture, can damage nearby blood vessels and reduce blood flow to bones. Risk factors for developing avascular necrosis include: Genetics combined with overuse of alcohol, certain medications and other diseases likely play a role. Sometimes the cause of avascular necrosis not brought on by trauma isn't fully understood. Medical conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and Gaucher's disease, also can lessen blood flow to bone. The fat (lipids) can block small blood vessels. Cancer treatments involving radiation also can weaken bone and harm blood vessels. An injury, such as a dislocated joint, might damage nearby blood vessels. Avascular necrosis occurs when blood flow to a bone is interrupted or reduced.
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